{"id":3877,"date":"2024-02-03T17:07:42","date_gmt":"2024-02-03T09:07:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chimaytech.net\/?p=3877"},"modified":"2024-02-04T22:07:24","modified_gmt":"2024-02-04T14:07:24","slug":"who-invented-reverse-osmosis-system","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chimaytech.net\/vi\/who-invented-reverse-osmosis-system\/","title":{"rendered":"ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t minh ra h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ea9m th\u1ea5u ng\u01b0\u1ee3c"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t minh b\u1edfi Sidney Loeb v\u00e0 Srinivasa Sourirajan.<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t minh ra h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ea9m th\u1ea5u ng\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/h1>\n

Th\u1ea9m th\u1ea5u ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u1ecdc n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng h\u00f3a c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u01b0\u1edbc u\u1ed1ng s\u1ea1ch. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 bao gi\u1edd b\u1ea1n t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi ai \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t minh ra h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd n\u00e0y ch\u01b0a? Trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a th\u1ea9m th\u1ea5u ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 b\u1ed9 \u00f3c th\u00f4ng minh \u0111\u1eb1ng sau ph\u00e1t minh n\u00e0y.Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 th\u1ea9m th\u1ea5u ng\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 18 khi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u1ea9m th\u1ea5u. Th\u1ea9m th\u1ea5u l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed dung m\u00f4i qua m\u00e0ng b\u00e1n th\u1ea5m t\u1eeb v\u00f9ng c\u00f3 n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1ea5t tan th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00f9ng c\u00f3 n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1ea5t tan cao h\u01a1n. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng. M\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ea9m th\u1ea5u ng\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft ng\u00e0y nay m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eb1ng sau ph\u00e1t minh mang t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 Sidney Loeb, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9. Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 Loeb, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 Srinivasa Sourirajan, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 cho l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u00e0ng.V\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1950, Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 Loeb v\u00e0 Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 Sourirajan b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m m\u00e0ng t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u1ecfi mu\u1ed1i h\u00f2a tan. H\u1ecd ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra r\u1eb1ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o \u00e1p l\u1ef1c l\u00ean dung d\u1ecbch mu\u1ed1i, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bu\u1ed9c c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed n\u01b0\u1edbc xuy\u00ean qua m\u00e0ng trong khi \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t mu\u1ed1i. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u1ea9m th\u1ea5u ng\u01b0\u1ee3c.Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u00e0ng th\u1ea9m th\u1ea5u ng\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1962. M\u00e0ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m t\u1eeb cellulose acetate, m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u cho ph\u00e9p l\u1ecdc n\u01b0\u1edbc hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. Ph\u00e1t minh c\u1ee7a Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 Loeb v\u00e0 Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 Sourirajan \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i th\u1ea9m th\u1ea5u ng\u01b0\u1ee3c trong c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y kh\u1eed mu\u1ed1i, c\u01a1 s\u1edf x\u1eed l\u00fd n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u1ea3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u1ecdc n\u01b0\u1edbc gia \u0111\u00ecnh.H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ea9m th\u1ea5u ng\u01b0\u1ee3c nhanh ch\u00f3ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1edd kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf ph\u1ea1m vi r\u1ed9ng ch\u1ea5t g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m t\u1eeb n\u01b0\u1edbc, bao g\u1ed3m vi khu\u1ea9n, vi r\u00fat, kim lo\u1ea1i n\u1eb7ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn h\u00f2a tan. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu \u1edf nh\u1eefng khu v\u1ef1c m\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc u\u1ed1ng s\u1ea1ch b\u1ecb h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf.Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m qua, nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n h\u01a1n n\u1eefa hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ea9m th\u1ea5u ng\u01b0\u1ee3c. M\u00e0ng composite m\u00e0ng m\u1ecfng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m t\u1eeb polyamit, \u0111\u00e3 thay th\u1ebf m\u00e0ng cellulose axetat, mang l\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u00e0 tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd d\u00e0i h\u01a1n.Ng\u00e0y nay, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ea9m th\u1ea5u ng\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00e1c nhau, bao g\u1ed3m d\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m, s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed. Ch\u00fang c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ecdc n\u01b0\u1edbc sinh ho\u1ea1t, cung c\u1ea5p cho c\u00e1c h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc u\u1ed1ng s\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n.\"alt-8115\"T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ea9m th\u1ea5u ng\u01b0\u1ee3c, m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1t minh \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u00e3 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng h\u00f3a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u1ecdc n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1edfi Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 Sidney Loeb v\u00e0 Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 Srinivasa Sourirajan v\u00e0o gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u00e0ng th\u1ea9m th\u1ea5u ng\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y trong c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh kh\u00e1c nhau tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1eadn h\u01b0\u1edfng ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc u\u1ed1ng s\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t minh b\u1edfi Sidney Loeb v\u00e0 Srinivasa Sourirajan. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t minh ra h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ea9m th\u1ea5u ng\u01b0\u1ee3c Th\u1ea9m th\u1ea5u ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u1ecdc n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng h\u00f3a c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u01b0\u1edbc u\u1ed1ng s\u1ea1ch. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 bao gi\u1edd b\u1ea1n t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi ai \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1831,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_kad_post_transparent":"","_kad_post_title":"","_kad_post_layout":"","_kad_post_sidebar_id":"","_kad_post_content_style":"","_kad_post_vertical_padding":"","_kad_post_feature":"","_kad_post_feature_position":"","_kad_post_header":false,"_kad_post_footer":false},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"2.12.0","language":"vi","enabled_languages":["en","es","de","fr","ru","pt","ar","ja","ko","it","id","hi","th","vi","tr"],"languages":{"en":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"es":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"de":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"fr":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"ru":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"pt":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"ar":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"ja":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"ko":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"it":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"id":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"hi":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"th":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"vi":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"tr":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false}}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/chimaytech.net\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3877"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/chimaytech.net\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/chimaytech.net\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chimaytech.net\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chimaytech.net\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3877"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/chimaytech.net\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3877\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chimaytech.net\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1831"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/chimaytech.net\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3877"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chimaytech.net\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3877"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chimaytech.net\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3877"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}