{"id":3548,"date":"2024-01-31T18:15:49","date_gmt":"2024-01-31T10:15:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chimaytech.net\/?p=3548"},"modified":"2024-01-31T18:36:31","modified_gmt":"2024-01-31T10:36:31","slug":"is-conductivity-affected-by-temperature","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chimaytech.net\/vi\/is-conductivity-affected-by-temperature\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0111\u1ed9 d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9"},"content":{"rendered":"

“T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9: Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n.”<\/p>\n

T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/h1>\n

\u0110\u1ed9 d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea1y qua m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. \u0110\u1ed9 d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi nhi\u1ec1u y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c nhau, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9. Trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u n\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ebfn d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n.Khi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng. N\u00f3i chung, khi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u t\u0103ng th\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u0103ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 do nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao h\u01a1n cung c\u1ea5p nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u01a1n cho c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed ho\u1eb7c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed trong v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, cho ph\u00e9p ch\u00fang chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ef1 do h\u01a1n. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c electron c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng di chuy\u1ec3n xuy\u00ean qua v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u cao h\u01a1n, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u0103ng l\u00ean.M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch b\u1eb1ng h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c electron trong v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u. \u1ede nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n, c\u00e1c electron c\u00f3 \u00edt n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t h\u01a1n v\u00e0 li\u00ean k\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd h\u01a1n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed ho\u1eb7c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng di chuy\u1ec3n t\u1ef1 do c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang v\u00e0 c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n. Khi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng, n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t t\u0103ng, l\u00e0m cho c\u00e1c electron c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 linh \u0111\u1ed9ng cao h\u01a1n v\u00e0 cho ph\u00e9p ch\u00fang di chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n trong v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u.\u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd l\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00f9y theo lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, trong kim lo\u1ea1i, m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n. Khi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng, n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t t\u0103ng l\u00e0m cho c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u electron h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n cao h\u01a1n. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao kim lo\u1ea1i n\u00f3i chung l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1ed1t.Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n trong v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u phi kim lo\u1ea1i, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 ch\u1ea5t b\u00e1n d\u1eabn v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n, l\u1ea1i ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n. Trong nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c electron b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u1ea3i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. \u1ede nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i, ch\u1ea5t b\u00e1n d\u1eabn c\u00f3 d\u1ea3i h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u00e0 d\u1ea3i d\u1eabn tr\u1ed1ng, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1eabn t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u. Tuy nhi\u00ean, khi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng l\u00ean, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 electron thu \u0111\u1ee7 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb v\u00f9ng h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb sang v\u00f9ng d\u1eabn, cho ph\u00e9p t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n.\"alt-528\"M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, ch\u1ea5t c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn gi\u1eefa d\u1ea3i h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 d\u1ea3i d\u1eabn, khi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c electron kh\u00f3 chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb d\u1ea3i n\u00e0y sang d\u1ea3i kh\u00e1c. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0, ngay c\u1ea3 \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao h\u01a1n, ch\u1ea5t c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ea5p.\u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1ng n\u00f3i l\u00e0 m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi quy t\u1eafc n\u00e0y. Trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 ch\u1ea5t si\u00eau d\u1eabn, m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ch\u1ea5t si\u00eau d\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng b\u1edfi \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf b\u1eb1ng 0 \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1edbi h\u1ea1n. Khi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1edbi h\u1ea1n n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t si\u00eau d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3m nhanh ch\u00f3ng.T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n. \u1ede h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1eabn t\u0103ng do \u0111\u1ed9 linh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c electron l\u1edbn h\u01a1n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c nhau t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u. Kim lo\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1eabn cao h\u01a1n \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao h\u01a1n, trong khi ch\u1ea5t b\u00e1n d\u1eabn v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00f3 h\u00e0nh vi ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n. Hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1c nhau, t\u1eeb k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ebfn khoa h\u1ecdc v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

“T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9: Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n.” T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ed9 d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea1y qua…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1499,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_kad_post_transparent":"","_kad_post_title":"","_kad_post_layout":"","_kad_post_sidebar_id":"","_kad_post_content_style":"","_kad_post_vertical_padding":"","_kad_post_feature":"","_kad_post_feature_position":"","_kad_post_header":false,"_kad_post_footer":false},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"2.12.0","language":"vi","enabled_languages":["en","es","de","fr","ru","pt","ar","ja","ko","it","id","hi","th","vi","tr"],"languages":{"en":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"es":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"de":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"fr":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"ru":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"pt":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"ar":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"ja":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"ko":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"it":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"id":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"hi":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"th":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"vi":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"tr":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false}}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/chimaytech.net\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3548"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/chimaytech.net\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/chimaytech.net\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chimaytech.net\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chimaytech.net\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3548"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/chimaytech.net\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3548\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chimaytech.net\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1499"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/chimaytech.net\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3548"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chimaytech.net\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3548"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chimaytech.net\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3548"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}