{"id":12622,"date":"2024-04-15T13:30:35","date_gmt":"2024-04-15T05:30:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chimaytech.net\/?p=12622"},"modified":"2024-04-15T15:44:28","modified_gmt":"2024-04-15T07:44:28","slug":"was-plastic-invented-by-accident","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chimaytech.net\/vi\/was-plastic-invented-by-accident\/","title":{"rendered":"nh\u1ef1a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t minh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u00ecnh c\u1edd"},"content":{"rendered":"<h1 id=\"the-accidental-invention-of-plastic-wpaicgheading\">S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t minh t\u00ecnh c\u1edd c\u1ee7a nh\u1ef1a<\/h1>\n<p>\nNh\u1ef1a l\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 t\u1eeb bao b\u00ec, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed. Nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 bao gi\u1edd th\u1eafc m\u1eafc lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111a n\u0103ng n\u00e0y ra \u0111\u1eddi nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng? Ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean thay, nh\u1ef1a l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t minh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u00ecnh c\u1edd.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/chimaytech.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Common-5-1.jpg\" alt=\"alt-170\" class=\"wp-image-170\" id=\"i170\" \/><\/p>\n<p>C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 nh\u1ef1a b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19, khi m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc tr\u1ebb t\u00ean Alexander Parkes \u0111ang th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean nh\u01b0 xenlulo. N\u0103m 1856, Parkes ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra r\u1eb1ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch x\u1eed l\u00fd xenluloza b\u1eb1ng axit nitric v\u00e0 dung m\u00f4i, \u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00fac \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khi \u0111un n\u00f3ng nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng khi ngu\u1ed9i. \u00d4ng g\u1ecdi lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u m\u1edbi n\u00e0y l\u00e0 &#8220;Parkesine&#8221; v\u00e0 n\u00f3 l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i nh\u1ef1a nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n<div class=\"entry-content-asset videofit\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"plastic push-fit connector manufacturer\" width=\"720\" height=\"405\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/croh10hqw9w?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div>\n<p>\nParkesine l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u mang t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng v\u00ec n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00fac th\u00e0nh b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng n\u00e0o v\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t. Parkes \u0111\u00e3 h\u00ecnh dung ra r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng cho ph\u00e1t minh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, t\u1eeb c\u00fac \u00e1o, l\u01b0\u1ee3c cho \u0111\u1ebfn b\u00f3ng bi-a v\u00e0 ph\u00edm \u0111\u00e0n piano. Tuy nhi\u00ean, Parkesine kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m. N\u00f3 \u0111\u1eaft ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb n\u1ee9t v\u00e0 cong v\u00eanh theo th\u1eddi gian.<\/p>\n<p>B\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y, Parkesine \u0111\u00e3 thu h\u00fat s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o. N\u0103m 1862, nh\u00e0 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc ng\u01b0\u1eddi B\u1ec9 t\u00ean Leo Baekeland \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra c\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o ra lo\u1ea1i nh\u1ef1a b\u1ec1n h\u01a1n v\u00e0 linh ho\u1ea1t h\u01a1n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p phenol v\u00e0 formaldehyde. Baekeland g\u1ecdi ph\u00e1t minh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 &#8220;Bakelite&#8221; v\u00e0 n\u00f3 nhanh ch\u00f3ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9, t\u1eeb ch\u1ea5t c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed3 trang s\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t minh ra nh\u1ef1a m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u00ecnh c\u1edd \u0111\u00e3 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng h\u00f3a c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang ta s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. Nh\u1ef1a nh\u1eb9, b\u1ec1n v\u00e0 linh ho\u1ea1t, khi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang tr\u1edf n\u00ean l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cho nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng. T\u1eeb thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb y t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ee5 t\u00f9ng \u00f4 t\u00f4 \u0111\u1ebfn bao b\u00ec th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, nh\u1ef1a \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta.<\/p>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/chimaytech.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/1820-2.jpg\" alt=\"alt-179\" class=\"wp-image-179\" id=\"i179\" \/><br \/>\nTuy nhi\u00ean, vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i nh\u1ef1a c\u0169ng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng lo ng\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Nh\u1ef1a kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y sinh h\u1ecdc, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m n\u0103m. \u00d4 nhi\u1ec5m nh\u1ef1a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u1edbn \u1edf \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ee7y, g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i cho sinh v\u1eadt bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\">\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh<\/th>\n<th>\u1ed0ng(a)<\/th>\n<th>Th\u00e2n(b)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>1801-A<\/td>\n<td>1\/4<\/td>\n<td>1\/4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1801-C<\/td>\n<td>1\/4<\/td>\n<td>3\/14<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n<p>\nTrong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, phong tr\u00e0o gi\u1ea3m r\u00e1c th\u1ea3i nh\u1ef1a v\u00e0 t\u00ecm gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p thay th\u1ebf b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng h\u01a1n ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng. Nh\u1ef1a ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y sinh h\u1ecdc, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m t\u1eeb nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt nh\u01b0 ng\u00f4 ho\u1eb7c m\u00eda, mang l\u1ea1i gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ea7y h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n cho v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m nh\u1ef1a. Nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y nhanh h\u01a1n trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i.<\/p>\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t minh ra nh\u1ef1a \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u00e2u s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. Tuy nh\u1ef1a mang l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ee3i \u00edch nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 c\u0169ng t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng h\u01a1n v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o nh\u1ef1a s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng cho c\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\">\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh<\/th>\n<th>\u1ed0ng(a)<\/th>\n<th>Th\u00e2n(b)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>1801-A<\/td>\n<td>1\/4<\/td>\n<td>1\/4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1801-C<\/td>\n<td>1\/4<\/td>\n<td>3\/19<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n<p><\/p>\n<div class=\"entry-content-asset videofit\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Water Purifier Connector plastic\" width=\"720\" height=\"405\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/BSewaEiSDwo?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div>\n<p>T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, nh\u1ef1a th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t minh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u00ecnh c\u1edd, nh\u01b0ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean. T\u1eeb Parkesine \u0111\u1ebfn Bakelite cho \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1ef1a ch\u00fang ta s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ng\u00e0y nay, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111a n\u0103ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang ta s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. Khi ch\u00fang ta h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u r\u00e1c th\u1ea3i nh\u1ef1a v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng h\u01a1n cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t minh t\u00ecnh c\u1edd c\u1ee7a nh\u1ef1a Nh\u1ef1a l\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 t\u1eeb bao b\u00ec, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed. Nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 bao gi\u1edd th\u1eafc m\u1eafc lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111a n\u0103ng n\u00e0y ra \u0111\u1eddi nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng? Ng\u1ea1c&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1396,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_kad_post_transparent":"","_kad_post_title":"","_kad_post_layout":"","_kad_post_sidebar_id":"","_kad_post_content_style":"","_kad_post_vertical_padding":"","_kad_post_feature":"","_kad_post_feature_position":"","_kad_post_header":false,"_kad_post_footer":false},"categories":[203],"tags":[],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"2.12.0","language":"vi","enabled_languages":["en","es","de","fr","ru","pt","ar","ja","ko","it","id","hi","th","vi","tr"],"languages":{"en":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"es":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"de":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"fr":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"ru":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"pt":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"ar":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"ja":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"ko":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"it":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"id":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"hi":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"th":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"vi":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"tr":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false}}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/chimaytech.net\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12622"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/chimaytech.net\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/chimaytech.net\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chimaytech.net\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chimaytech.net\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12622"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/chimaytech.net\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12622\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chimaytech.net\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1396"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/chimaytech.net\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12622"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chimaytech.net\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12622"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chimaytech.net\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12622"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}